India’s DeepFake Prevention Bill 2023, integrated into the broader AI TRA Bill 2024, establishes a comprehensive legal framework to combat malicious AI-generated content. As of July 2025, the bill is likely in effect or nearing full implementation.
Key provisions include criminal penalties of up to 5 years imprisonment or case-based fines for creating or distributing deepfakes without consent, especially in cases involving sexual content, fraud, or identity theft. The bill emphasizes consent and harm reduction, aligning with global regulatory trends.
The newly formed NAITRA Authority is empowered with civil court powers to summon witnesses, enforce compliance, and impose contempt penalties for obstruction. Administrative sanctions cover violations in AI deployment, non-consensual use, and lack of equality impact assessments—also extending protections to employees via tribunal actions.
To encourage compliance, the framework makes robust AI governance more cost-effective than non-compliance, following a model similar to the GDPR and CCPA. While large enterprises can absorb the compliance costs, SMEs may require support.
Overall, the bill aims to balance AI innovation with accountability, and NAITRA’s effectiveness will depend on funding, public awareness, and technical capabilities for deepfake detection and enforcement.
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