Telcos Gain Spectrum as VSATs Vacate Band

In a strategic move to enhance high-speed mobile connectivity, the Indian government will direct VSAT (very small aperture terminal) service providers to vacate the 6 GHz spectrum band. 
 
This decision aims to facilitate the deployment of advanced 5G services and lay the groundwork for future 6G networks.
  
The upper portion of the 6 GHz band (6425-7025 MHz) will be auctioned to telecom operators, significantly boosting network capacity and improving connectivity for consumers. 
 
However, this transition poses challenges for VSAT operators such as Nelco, Hughes Communications, and Inmarsat, who must migrate to alternative bands (5 GHz or Ku-band at 12 GHz) by December 2030.

 
Currently, VSAT providers utilize 300 MHz within the 6725-7025 MHz range for satellite-based communications supporting critical sectors like banking, oil & gas, power, and government agencies. These services, though not focused on high-speed data, play a crucial role in ensuring remote connectivity for ATMs and POS systems.
 
The migration will require substantial financial investments, as VSAT companies need to upgrade infrastructure, replace equipment, and reconfigure ground terminals. 
 
Industry experts estimate costs could reach billions of dollars, affecting the sector’s projected growth from $120.8 million in 2023 to $281 million by 2030, according to Grand View Research.
 
SatCom Industry Association (SIA-India) Director General, Anil Prakash, has urged the government to explore alternative spectrum options for cellular networks to prevent disruption to satellite communication and Wi-Fi services. The auctioning of this spectrum, he argues, could create an imbalance in network operations.
 
Meanwhile, ISRO, which also operates satellites in this band, will be restricted from launching new satellites in the 6425-7025 MHz range. 
 
Telecom operators will need to implement interference mitigation measures, which will be outlined in the National Frequency Allocation Plan (NFAP) 2025.
 
The lower portion of the 6 GHz band (5925-6425 MHz) remains under discussion. Technology firms, including the Broadband India Forum, advocate for it to be de-licensed for Wi-Fi, emphasizing its role in expanding affordable broadband access. The government is yet to finalize its decision on this spectrum segment.

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