Thousands of Twitter accounts originating in Iran, Russia removed that targeted US midterm elections

Thousands of malicious accounts originating in Iran, Russia and Venezuela have been removed from Twitter on Thursday for spreading fake information online, including previously undisclosed efforts to target the 2018 US midterm elections, reports said.

Most of the campaigns with foreign ties sought to stoke social and political unrest around hot-button issues, in the months before American voters went to the polls, exhibiting tactics that social-media companies have spent two years trying to counter. The approach had been adopted by the Internet Research Agency, an organisation with ties to the Russian government, two years earlier in an attempt to steer the 2016 presidential election in favour of Donald Trump.

Twitter said it removed 418 accounts believed to have originated in Russia prior to Election Day last November, but declined to specify exactly when and said it could not link the efforts definitively to the IRA.

Similar tactics also had been put to use by operatives believed to be in Venezuela. Twitter said it has removed 764 accounts originating in the country that mimicked Russia's information operations. The company said it removed a majority of these accounts by November 2017, but nearly a quarter of the recently created accounts tweeted 50,000 times about the 2018 midterm election. Twitter said a second "state-backed influence campaign" found and disabled in Venezuela focused on the country's own citizens.

Twitter confirmed that it found additional malicious activities originating out of Iran, part of a campaign first unearthed in 2018 that sought to amplify political messages that had been broadcast by the country's state-run media. Twitter announced it removed more than 2,600 accounts believed to be tied to this network. 

Foreign attempts to manipulate Twitter were "far less" prevalent than in 2016, Carlos Monje Jr, the company's director of public policy, government and philanthropy in the US and Canada, wrote in a blog post. He said the "majority of these accounts were proactively suspended in advance of Election Day." Twitter also revealed that it took action against nearly 6,000 tweets that sought to discourage voters from casting ballots on Election Day, many of which originated in the United States.

Twitter said that the takedowns announced on Thursday illustrate its progress two years after Russia's 2016 disinformation campaign reached hundreds of millions of social-media users across the web. Like its peers in Silicon Valley, Twitter said it spotted threats far earlier, and limited their reach, as a result of investments in new staff, clearer policies around abuse and improved artificial-intelligence tools that can challenge fake accounts or suspect posts faster than human moderators.

But the breadth of its revelations - nearly three months after Election Day - also affirms that a wider array of malicious actors around the globe are borrowing from Russia's information-warfare playbook in a bid to destabilize the U.S. or push political narratives favourable to their governments. The pressure on Facebook, Twitter and their tech industry peers to improve their defences in response is likely to intensify as the 2020 presidential election draws near.

In total, Twitter estimated that the entirety of its users sent more than 99 million tweets between the first primaries in March until Election Day, the "majority" of which came from "individuals expressing their views," wrote Carlos Monje Jr.

On its part, Facebook on Thursday said it had removed a total of 783 accounts, pages and groups originating in Iran that masqueraded as foreign-language news sites to push political messages, including anti-Israeli memes. The most popular pages had millions of video views, hundreds of thousands of likes and tens of thousands of followers, according to an analysis done by the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab. At least one page posting in English spread anti-West themes, including a video watched more than 1 million times suggesting the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were an "inside job" by the U.S. government, the analysis showed.

Previously, Facebook said in January that it had removed hundreds of pages that originated in Russia that appeared to be focused on regional weather and sports but actually served as a way for Russian state-owned media to secretly reach social media users.