The concept of "dark factories" – fully automated manufacturing facilities that can operate without human presence – is evolving with the advent of Industrial IoT (IIoT) 5.0.
China is the world's largest market for industrial robots. Robots are used extensively in various industries, including automotive, electronics, and manufacturing, to perform tasks such as assembly, welding, and material handling.
Now, India’s manufacturing sector is transforming with the emergence of “dark factories,” fully automated facilities requiring minimal human intervention.
Powered by robotics, AI, and Industrial IoT (IIoT) 5.0, these factories mark a new era of industrial innovation.
IIoT 5.0 integrates sensors, machines, and systems for seamless real-time data exchange.
In dark factories, IIoT 5.0 equips machines with the intelligence to make autonomous decisions.
This enhances adaptability, reduces errors, and allows facilities to respond dynamically to shifting production needs.
The integration of Industrial IoT 5.0 and robotics reduces human dependency on shop floors, raising fears of labour displacement in a country where manufacturing is a key employment sector.
India’s push toward this model is fuelled by “Make in India,” rising labour costs, and global demand for precision.
Though fully autonomous plants are rare, incremental automation is gaining momentum across industries.
Challenges remain, including high capital costs, job displacement risks, limited digital infrastructure, and data security concerns.
Addressing these is critical for equitable and secure adoption.
By embracing IIoT 5.0, India’s dark factories can boost global competitiveness, sustainability, and resilience, provided innovation is balanced with inclusive workforce strategies.
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