As per the Lok Sabha reports, banks have written off bad loans to the tune of Rs 1.15 lakh crore during the first three-quarters of the current fiscal. As per Reserve Bank guidelines and policy approved by bank boards, non-performing loans, including those in respect of which full provisioning has been made on completion of four years, are removed from the balance-sheet of the bank concerned by way of write-off, Minister of State for Finance Anurag Singh Thakur said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha. Banks evaluate the impact of write-offs as part of their regular exercise to clean up their balance-sheet, avail tax benefit and optimise capital in accordance with RBI guidelines and policy approved by their boards, he said.
Thakur also said, as borrowers of written-off loans continue to be liable for repayment and the process of recovery of dues from the borrower in written-off loan accounts continues, write-off does not benefit the borrower.
"As per RBI data, scheduled commercial banks have written-off loans of Rs 2,36,265 crore, Rs 2,34,170 crore and Rs 1,15,038 crore during FY2018-19, FY2019-20 and the first three-quarters of FY2020-21 respectively," he said.
With regard to recovery of written-off bank loans as per RBI guidelines, banks are required to have a loan recovery policy, duly vetted by their Boards, that set down the manner of recovery of dues, period-wise targeted level of reduction in non-performing assets, etc.
A number of recovery mechanism are available to banks to effect recovery, such as filing of a suit in civil courts or in Debts Recovery Tribunals, action under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, filing of cases in the National Company Law Tribunal under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, through negotiated settlement/compromise, and through the sale of non-performing assets. During the last two financial years and the first three quarters of the current financial year, as per RBI data, scheduled commercial banks recovered an amount of Rs 3,68,636 crore, including the recovery of Rs 68,219 crore from written-off loan accounts, he said.
